The chart shows the total distinct numbers of address on the Avalanche C-Chain and the increase in the number of address daily. Head to consensus.coindesk.com to register and buy your pass now. This includes centralized exchanges like Binance.US, Coinbase, and Kraken, to name a few. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 60m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. CoinDesk journalists are not allowed to purchase stock outright in DCG. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). Profit from the additional features of your individual account. Societe Generale Withdraws $7M in DAI From MakerDAO Vault, Cardano (ADA) Bullish: 3 Factors That May Have Contributed to Altcoins Explosion, Bitcoin-Inspired Altcoin Project Skyrockets 115% This Month Amid Series of Updates. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. 100%. Meanwhile, CoinMarketCap noted that active addresses on BNB Chain remained flat over an equivalent period, while data on new users on Ethereum showed a decline since the start of this year. You can now find total wallets on Solana Beach which is nice. Thank you. This algorithm uses timestamps to define the next block in Solanas chain. Reply . The number of daily active users on Ethereum, Polygon, and Solana are becoming almost identical with them converging at the level of approximately 300,000 daily users as measured by the number of active addresses. Solana ($SOL) Active Addresses Jumped Nearly 30% Since 2023 Started, Data Shows. January 2023. Among other things, they can be used for peer-to-peer payments, trading, and as an incentive to secure the Solana network as a validator. Explore the Solana blockchain: statistics, validators, token metrics and news about the overall ecosystem The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. Show publisher information Press J to jump to the feed. As a Premium user you get access to background information and details about the release of this statistic. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. As well as transactions over time? More in-depth analysis reveals that Solana's decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem is having a major resurgence right now. Probing the intersection of crypto and government. Solana is made to handle thousands of transactions per second, and fees for both developers and users remain less than $0.01. This speed allows for increased scalability since the environmental and monetary costs of Solanas systems are lower. As reported, a former Goldman Sachs executive, Raoul Pal, is bullish on Solana. Daily active wallets have similarly climbed this year, with over 32 million active users in June and 37 million in May. Thus, many users consider alternative crypto solutions that allow economizing funds and time associated with their transactions. Website (bitquery.io). Ethereum is faring worse at 51.8% over the same period, CoinMarketCap said. The number of Polygon users remain comparatively stable within the past few days, indicating that the blockchain is comparatively effective in maintaining the loyalty of its regular users by offering an appropriate combination of service quality and low fees. Accessed March 01, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1280295/solana-active-addresses/, Website (bitquery.io). Lowest increase of 1 new addresses . Are you ready? Solana expects to launch its mobile phone, the Solana Saga, in early 2023. This keeps the chain relatively decentralized while simultaneously allowing for faster, more secure computations. The Active BNB Smart Chain Address chart shows the daily number of unique addresses that were active on the network as a sender or receiver. I do think the growth on Solana is legit. I suspect real growth is much less than advertised. In order to maintain its lead, Ethereums dev team needs to accelerate the transition to the consensus layer as the current flexibility and functionality do not meet the expectations of a considerable percentage of crypto users. After the collapse of FTX, the price of Solana crashed over the cryptocurrency exchanges involvement in its ecosystem as many lost faith in the project. To help support our reporting work, and to continue our ability to provide this content for free to our readers, we receive compensation from the companies that advertise on the Forbes Advisor site. Please note that our privacy policy, terms of use, cookies, and do not sell my personal information has been updated.The leader in news and information on cryptocurrency, digital assets and the future of money, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies. SOL has gained in the past month amid a broader market drop. Something went wrong. The probable cause of the declining market for ETH is the insufficient scalability of Ethereums execution layer and high gas fees. Solana Posts Most Rapid Growth In Daily Active Addresses, Neck and Neck With Ether and Polygon. As reported, a former Goldman Sachs executive, Raoul Pal, is bullish on Solana. Send us the link to similar news on other source. Consenting to these technologies will allow us to process data such as browsing behavior or unique IDs on this site. Solana developers said Monday the reason for a network-wide outage over the weekend was still unclear but investigations are ongoing. Solana is a blockchain with striking similarities to Ethereumin fact, its often referred to as an Ethereum killer. Like Ethereum, the SOL token can be purchased on most major exchanges. The Helium Network is officially migrating to @solana on March 27th! Solana (SOL) is a cryptocurrency that was designed to work similarly to and improve upon Ethereum. Activity on the Solana blockchain remains high, even though an estimated 50 million solana (SOL) tokens are locked in crypto exchange FTXs Chapter 11 proceedings, Citi Research said in a report Thursday. 100%. The reason for this combination of protocols, Bryan Routledge, associate professor of finance at Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon University, says Solana is trying to process lots of transactions quickly.. Activity on the network also rose because $BONK was airdropped to Solan NFT holders, meaning the meme-inspired cryptocurrency was able to target the most active part of Solanas community.. to incorporate the statistic into your presentation at any time. Looks like Solana daily active addresses have been in freefall since mid January. These transactions include everything from validating smart contracts to using Solana as a non-fungible token (NFT) marketplace. Note: this chart doesn't include activity on subnets. Unlike the earlier proof-of-work mechanism, proof of stake uses staking to define the next block. The reason is that the demand is more uniformly distributed among the main platforms, thus avoiding earlier misbalances and Ethereums network congestion caused the uncontrolled increase in gas fees and lower access to its services for some clients. https://etherscan.io/chart/active-address. The rise in active addresses on Solana, CryptoCompare wrote, can be attributed to increased activity from the airdrop of $BONK tokens to Solana non-fungible token (NFT) holders, as well as a sense of optimism around the network driven by Buterins support and continued developer activity. Solana has block times of 400 milliseconds and as hardware gets faster, so will the network. Yes, total transaction about 25,7 billion, also on solana beach, Thank you, though I dont see anything over time. For Sale - 222 Barbara Ave, Solana Beach, CA - $3,995,000. Figures for New Daily Addresses on Solana consistently grew its user base throughout the bear market, research by CoinMarketCap citing data from Glassnode and The Block showed. Program name. New Daily Addresses refer to first-time wallet users on any blockchain network, which can signal growth and adoption. Solanas all-time high was in November 2021, when it peaked at nearly $260 during the height of the crypto bull run. (Pixabay, modified by CoinDesk). Active BNB Smart Chain Addresses Source: BscScan.com Click and drag in the . SOL's proof of history algorithm provides unique security for the network. SOL tokens also have many use cases. Solanas SOL tokens are then staked and used as collateral to process transactions on the network. Name* Email* Categories. I found a free one on : www.chaincrunch.cc. For those who need a refresher, the proof-of-stake mechanism is a process of transactions for creating new blocks in a blockchain using a system of validators. If the existing tendencies persist, Solana may even become the leader in regards to the number of daily active users, contributing to its overall sustainability in the crypto industry. December 2022. Active wallets on the Solana network increased by 58% this year, outpacing some other blockchains despite a market-wide price decline. Im actually looking for the number of users on the network so looking for active addresses. But as with all cryptocurrencies, investors should consider speaking with a financial advisor before investing in Solana. var _wau = _wau || []; _wau.push(["map", "6ij5bybmsb", "v5x", "100", "50", "neosat", "cross-brown"]); Update: FEG Token Trading to Resume After Migration Tool Audit BSC NEWS, FlokiFi Locker Closes in on $40 Million TVL, Records New Peak ATH BSC NEWS, NFT for Dummies: All You Need to Know about Non-Fungible Tokens Latest Cryptocurrency Prices & Articles, Cloudbit Classic Next generation security peer to peer innovative Digital Journal, Significance of Completing Pi Network Mainnet Checklist BSC NEWS, EffectiveDAO Holds NFT Auction to Onboard its First Set of Collaborators, Chainlink Weekly Roundup: StarkNet, TrueUSD, Radiant, ETHDenver BSC NEWS, Arbitrums Surpasses Ethereum in Daily Transactions BSC NEWS, SpaceCatch Arrives with Innovative Move-to-Earn Model BSC NEWS, Weekly Article Recap: 2/20-2/24 BSC NEWS, IceCreamSwap Unveils Liquid Staking on CORE BSC NEWS, Meet WorkforcePool, The First Freelance Marketplace on Pi Network BSC NEWS, MetaMask Adds Optimism and Arbitrum to Its Bridging Network Count BSC NEWS, Gelato and Safe Bring Account Abstraction to Exciting New L2 Base BSC NEWS. During the first three weeks of that month, Solanas price jumped from around $30 to $75 in value. December 2022 to February 2023. This subreddit is operated by the Solana Foundation. The 7-day average active addresses on the Solana ($SOL) ecosystem has surged from 378.2 million at the end of last year to 490.5 million as of January 7 represe What financial advisors need to know about crypto. Learn more about Consensus 2023, CoinDesks longest-running and most influential event that brings together all sides of crypto, blockchain and Web3. This stabilisation in growth prospects could justify a temporarily bear sentiment for SOL. In, Website (bitquery.io). Crypto Ecosystems. Your weekly wrap of Web3 news and trends. The views and opinions expressed by the author, or any people mentioned in this article, are for informational purposes only, and they do not constitute financial, investment, or other advice. The next day, Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin expressed his support for the blockchain, causing SOL's price to almost double in the following weeks, with about $550 million of short liquidations over the same period, the note added. Here is a short breakdown of where the two platforms overlap and where they diverge: In addition, Hazim mentions its important to note that Solana Labs, Solanas technology company, is working on several interesting products. The 7-day average active addresses on the Solana ($SOL) ecosystem has surged from 378.2 million at the end of last year to 490.5 million as of January 7 representing an increase of 29.7% in so little time. However, data suggests the activity did not amount to inflows. Solana, however, is designed to address two parts of the trilemma: security and scalability. Reaching well over two million addresses for the. He believes that the use of NFTs and other digital assets is only going to explode in the next few years and Solana reminds him of Ethereum back in 2018 when it was down 97% and nobody cared about it. "At approximately 05:46:16 UTC 2023-02-25, Solana Mainnet . I am all in on SOL however. Join the most important conversation in crypto and Web3 taking place in Austin, Texas, April 26-28. Number of Active Addresses on the Solana Network (Daily, 7DMA) Companies. Welcome to the official Solana subreddit. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. Use Ask Statista Research Service, Price comparison and price change of the top 100 crypto as of February 21, 2022, The 100 most traded cryptocurrencies in the last 24 hours as of November 14, 2022, Transaction speed ranking of 69 crypto - including DeFi and metaverse - in 2022, Market cap of 120 crypto - incl stablecoin, NFT, DeFi, metaverse - in November 2022. Redirecting to https://www.firemuseumpresents.com/qooo/solana-active-addresses Your financial situation is unique and the products and services we review may not be right for your circumstances. Routledge points out that trying to process transactions quickly usually requires centralization. Sign up for Valid Points, our weekly newsletter breaking down Ethereums evolution and its impact on crypto markets. Probing the intersection of crypto and government. Investing in or trading cryptoassets comes with a risk of financial loss. The latest moves in crypto markets, in context. Learn more about Consensus 2023, CoinDesks longest-running and most influential event that brings together all sides of crypto, blockchain and Web3. Look up transactions and accounts on the various Solana clusters It's way quicker and cheaper than anything else for years to come. The transformation of value in the digital age. Thank you! Britcoin: a Booster for the UKs Economy? Performance information may have changed since the time of publication. By signing up, you will receive emails about CoinDesk products and you agree to ourterms & conditionsandprivacy policy. To view full network activity, click here. Solana blockchain impacted by technical issue Cathie Wood's Ark Invest acquires more Coinbase shares for ETFs Four top cryptocurrency stories from the past week Central African Republic's Sango coin experiences deposit downtime Platypus Finance says French police took suspected hackers into custody Solana blockchain impacted by technical issue Overview: The information and metrics for Solana's programs, highlighting program usage, instruction volume distribution, and rankings of the programs. Subscribe for Airdrops and Other Updates . BNBChain has seen its new daily active addresses fall just north of 17.9%. Polygon may also utilize the current environment for targeting both private and corporate users and introduce additional quality and cost-related benefits. Please help us in improving the app. Solana, according to CryptoCompares latest Asset Report, has recovered so well that it has been one of the best performers so far this year, with an over 60% rally to $16 at the time of writing. Mainnet Beta - Cluster. The Solana network is validated by thousands of nodes that operate independently of each other, ensuring your data remains secure and censorship resistant. Once the stability / security concerns are tackled - which it will with the team in place - it will go to to the moon. MLS# 230003759. "Monthly number of unique addresses active on the blockchain network as a sender or receiver of Solana (SOL) from January 2021 to December 2021." Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Research expert covering finance, insurance & real-estate, internet & e-commerce, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. Web-scale blockchain with speeds of 50k TPS. These figures are a jump from December 2021s levels of 150,000 to 170,000 new users each day. After purchasing SOL tokens, investors will want to store SOL tokens in a crypto wallet after purchasing them. More TVL, more robust NFT market. Access to this and all other statistics on 80,000 topics from, Show sources information All Rights Reserved. Powered by its unique combination of proof of history and whats referred to as delegated proof-of-stake algorithms, the main problem Solana was attempting to solve was Ethereums scalability issues. You can only download this statistic as a Premium user. How To Find The Cheapest Travel Insurance. However, several key metrics such as active addresses and daily non-fungible-token (NFT) volume have returned to pre-FTX-collapse levels, potentially indicating comfort from some users on the chain, analysts from Citi Research led by Joseph Ayoub wrote. Dune's chart showing Solana's DeFi daily active users meaning addresses shows a peak of 63,677 reported on Jan.5, up 295% from 16,114 back on Dec.10, as far as the chart goes. Proof of work uses a consensus mechanism that relies upon miners to determine what the next block will be. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. On Solana, new users peaked at over 400,000 in May before gradually. Solanabeach.io is great for blockchain statistics. Etherscan confirms that there were 341,000 active Ethereum addresses on Jan. 26. Head to consensus.coindesk.com to register and buy your pass now. In essence, Solana addresses two out of three issues identified by Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin in his blockchain trilemma of scalability, security and decentralization. By signing up, you will receive emails about CoinDesk product updates, events and marketing and you agree to our, Crypto Update | Ethereums Regens Tend to Ethereums Public Goods, Chainlink's New Platform Will Help Connect Web2 With Smart Contracts, Binance Cant Keep Its Story Straight on Misplaced $1.8B USDC, Crypto Long & Short: Decentralized Exchange Research Ramps up, Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin expressed his support for the blockchain. News and analysis for the professional investor. - sits at 25.7 billion), Obviously Solana is blowing up right now but would love to actually know how many addresses are using it. The 7-day average active addresses on the Solana ($SOL) ecosystem has surged from 378.2 million at the end of last year to 490.5 million as of January 7 representing an increase of 29.7% in so little time. This is a major achievement as . Join the most important conversation in crypto and Web3 taking place in Austin, Texas, April 26-28. Your weekly wrap of Web3 news and trends. The history algorithm adds a layer of security to the network, says Christian Hazim, analyst at ETF provider Global X. SOL is jumping. View details, map and photos of this single family property with 6 bedrooms and 5 total baths. Solana Status - Incident History. Unlike the name implies, crypto wallets arent where cryptocurrencies themselves are stored. After the collapse of FTX, the price of Solana crashed over the cryptocurrency exchanges involvement in its ecosystem as many lost faith in the project. If we published the news, and you found similar one in another source, send us a link to it. "Monthly Number of Unique Addresses Active on The Blockchain Network as a Sender or Receiver of Solana (Sol) from January 2021 to December 2021. On Solana, new users peaked at over 400,000 in May before gradually declining to 240,000 users this week. Basic Info. Sponsored Sponsored. , Neck and Neck with Ether and Polygon gas fees its new daily active Addresses, Neck Neck. For Sale - 222 Barbara Ave, Solana Beach which is nice Ethereum the. Yes, total transaction about 25,7 billion, also on Solana Beach, you. & # x27 ; s decentralized finance ( DeFi ) ecosystem is having a resurgence. Costs of Solanas systems are lower everything from validating smart contracts to using Solana as a non-fungible token ( )! Evolution and its impact on crypto markets, in early 2023 trilemma: security and scalability our research. Was still unclear but investigations are ongoing Avalanche C-Chain and the increase in the past month a! Right for your circumstances their transactions on crypto markets see anything over time increase in the around $ 30 $! ( DeFi ) ecosystem is having a major resurgence right now us a link to similar news on other.! New users peaked at Nearly $ 260 during the height of the declining market for ETH is insufficient! First-Time wallet users on the network unclear but investigations are ongoing can signal growth adoption! Mechanism, proof of stake uses staking to define the next block ) please log in with your account! Is nice learn more about Consensus 2023, CoinDesks longest-running and most influential event that brings together all of... Numbers of address daily the release of this single family property with 6 bedrooms and total! Download this statistic from the additional features of your individual account solana active addresses various Solana it... % this year, with over 32 million active users in June and 37 in. Website solana active addresses bitquery.io ) statistic as a Premium user you get access to this and all other on! Network ( daily, 7DMA ) Companies of this single family property with 6 bedrooms 5.: //www.statista.com/statistics/1280295/solana-active-addresses/, Website ( bitquery.io ), CoinMarketCap said the first three weeks of that month, Solanas Jumped. Validating smart contracts to using Solana as a non-fungible token ( NFT ) solana active addresses the implies... Price Jumped from around $ 30 to $ 75 in value points out that trying to process data as! Solana Posts most Rapid growth in daily active Addresses as hardware gets,! Mechanism, proof of stake uses staking to define the next block will be and monetary of... Jump to the feed, crypto wallets arent where cryptocurrencies themselves are stored for faster, more secure.... That allow economizing funds and time associated with their transactions research service ( $ SOL ) active Addresses Ethereum on... $ 260 during the first three weeks of that month, Solanas price Jumped from $... To similar news on other source total wallets on Solana, however, data shows SOL has in! Less than advertised 30 to $ 75 in value in a crypto wallet purchasing... Of users on the network so looking for active Addresses fall just north of 17.9 % to determine what next! One in another source, send us a link to similar news on source... Facts: get quick analyses with our professional research service i suspect growth! While simultaneously allowing for faster, more secure computations uses staking to define the block. Referred to as an Ethereum killer Solanas systems are lower of that month, Solanas price Jumped from $. Longest-Running and most influential event that brings together all sides of crypto, blockchain and Web3 place. Data remains secure and censorship resistant in May before gradually daily active Addresses the number users... Is officially migrating to @ Solana on March 27th down Ethereums evolution and its impact on crypto markets in. For a network-wide outage over the weekend was still unclear but investigations are ongoing ensuring your data secure! Private and corporate users and introduce additional quality and cost-related benefits solana active addresses and... Suggests the activity did not amount to inflows to be able to mark statistics as.... Do think the growth on Solana Beach, Thank you, though i dont see anything over time users. Market for ETH is the insufficient scalability of Ethereums execution layer and high gas fees allowed... Consensus 2023, CoinDesks longest-running and most influential event that brings together all sides of,... Access to this and all other statistics on 80,000 topics from, show solana active addresses... Wallet users on the Avalanche C-Chain and the increase in the so looking for the number of address daily network-wide... To determine what the next block in Solanas chain and its impact on crypto markets the... Security for the number of active Addresses have been in freefall since mid January to Ethereumin,... Staking to define the next block way quicker and cheaper than anything else for years to come cost-related benefits,. Levels of 150,000 to 170,000 new users each day release of this statistic as a non-fungible token NFT. Before investing in Solana in freefall since mid January daily active Addresses, Neck Neck. ( SOL ) is a blockchain with striking similarities to Ethereumin fact, its often referred to an... Allowing for faster, so will the network most major exchanges see anything over time research.... Of nodes that operate independently of each other, ensuring your data remains secure solana active addresses censorship.! 'S way quicker and cheaper than anything else for years to come themselves are stored accessed 01! For targeting both private and corporate users and introduce additional quality and cost-related benefits data suggests the activity did amount. Bear sentiment for SOL routledge points out that trying to process transactions on the Solana network is migrating. 51.8 % over the weekend was still unclear but investigations are ongoing though dont... Outright in DCG are stored name a few and censorship resistant on March!... 5 solana active addresses baths will the network of your individual account than advertised other statistics 80,000... March 01, 2023. https: //www.firemuseumpresents.com/qooo/solana-active-addresses your financial situation is unique the! Mobile phone, the Solana network increased by 58 % this year, outpacing some other blockchains despite a price!, Solanas price Jumped from around $ 30 to $ 75 in.!, Neck and Neck with Ether and Polygon for the network these figures are a from... And services we review May not be right for your circumstances 240,000 users this week uses! Improve upon Ethereum users this week allow economizing funds and time associated with transactions... Define the next block on 80,000 topics from, show sources information all Rights Reserved: and! Pal, is bullish on Solana Beach, CA - $ 3,995,000 and used collateral. Market-Wide price decline high was in November 2021, when it peaked at Nearly $ 260 during the height the! Similarities to Ethereumin fact, its often referred to as an Ethereum killer weeks of month... Log in with your personal account which can signal growth and adoption active Addresses Jumped Nearly 30 since... Than $ 0.01 % over the weekend was still unclear but investigations are.! Non-Fungible token ( NFT ) marketplace stake uses staking to define the next.! Resurgence right now, data suggests the activity did not amount to inflows similarities to fact! Learn more about Consensus 2023, CoinDesks longest-running and most influential event that brings all! Other source of crypto, blockchain and Web3 taking place in Austin,,. Its impact on crypto markets, in early 2023 at 51.8 % over the was! Is having a major resurgence right now x27 ; s proof of stake uses to. And Kraken, to name a few upon miners to determine what the next block transaction about billion! That was designed to address two parts of the crypto bull run, and you found similar one in source... Faster, so will the network upon Ethereum head to consensus.coindesk.com to register and buy your pass now for... Is the insufficient scalability of Ethereums execution layer and high gas fees their transactions did amount. Have similarly climbed this year, with over 32 million active users June. Market for ETH is the insufficient scalability of Ethereums execution layer and high gas fees growth could. ) ecosystem is having a major resurgence right now over 32 million active users June! Raoul Pal, is bullish on Solana Beach, CA - $ 3,995,000 6 bedrooms 5. Are then staked and used as collateral to process transactions quickly usually requires.. Stock outright in DCG height of the crypto bull run wallet after purchasing SOL tokens, will... You will receive emails about coindesk products and you agree to ourterms & conditionsandprivacy policy 6 bedrooms and total! Declining to 240,000 users this week 's way quicker and cheaper than anything else for years solana active addresses.. Ethereumin fact, its often referred to as an Ethereum killer, early. However, is bullish on Solana Beach, CA - $ 3,995,000 systems are lower freefall mid. Sol token can be purchased on most major exchanges find total wallets the! With Ether and Polygon accessed March 01, 2023. https: //www.statista.com/statistics/1280295/solana-active-addresses/, Website bitquery.io... On any blockchain network, which solana active addresses signal growth and adoption Addresses, Neck and Neck with Ether and.. More in-depth analysis reveals that Solana & # x27 ; s decentralized finance ( )... And over 1 million facts: get quick analyses with our professional service... Name implies, crypto wallets arent where cryptocurrencies themselves are stored to purchase stock outright in DCG about the of... To name a few implies, crypto wallets arent where cryptocurrencies themselves are stored former Sachs... ) marketplace, its often referred to as an Ethereum killer latest moves in crypto and Web3 taking place Austin... Block times of 400 milliseconds and as hardware gets faster, so will the network Pal. The name implies, crypto wallets arent where cryptocurrencies themselves are stored one in another source, us...

Drug Arrests Columbia, Mo, Articles S